Gestión académica y valor público del conocimiento

La ponencia toma como punto de partida el nuevo contrato entre la universidad, la sociedad y el estado formulado a mediados de los noventa como base una formulación política para el mejoramiento del sistema. Tal perspectiva toma diagnósticos distintas fuentes internacionales y adopta una visión autorreguladora para la gestión del sistema. En segundo lugar, se parte de informes actualizados sobre la situación universitaria iberoamericana a fin de ilustrar las principales problemáticas del sistema universitario regional seleccionando datos orientados al planteamiento de la gestión académica. En tercer lugar, se analiza el significado de la sociedad del conocimiento para la universidad iberoamericana, sus implicancias y desafíos advenientes. Seguidamente, se reflexiona sobre la problemática del conocimiento y sus modalidades como disciplinas científicas y tecnológicas y como cultura para, en quinto lugar, establecer algunas implicancias para la significación tanto para la misión de la universidad como para la gestión académica en el marco de la democratización de la sociedad moderna. 1 Finalmente, se propone una reformulación de contenido político del contrato entre el estado, la universidad y la sociedad que permita salir de una perspectiva gerencialista como habida hasta el momento

Magnetic properties and domain structure of (Ga,Mn)As films with perpendicular anisotropy

The ferromagnetism of a thin GaMnAs layer with a perpendicular easy anisotropy axis is investigated by means of several techniques, that yield a consistent set of data on the magnetic properties and the domain structure of this diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor. The magnetic layer was grown under tensile strain on a relaxed GaInAs buffer layer using a procedure that limits the density of threading dislocations. Magnetometry, magneto-transport and polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (PMOKE) measurements reveal the high quality of this layer, in particular through its high Curie temperature (130 K) and well-defined magnetic anisotropy. We show that magnetization reversal is initiated from a limited number of nucleation centers and develops by easy domain wall propagation. Furthermore, MOKE microscopy allowed us to characterize in detail the magnetic domain structure. In particular we show that domain shape and wall motion are very sensitive to some defects, which prevents a periodic arrangement of the domains. We ascribed these defects to threading dislocations emerging in the magnetic layer, inherent to the growth mode on a relaxed buffer

Impact of 40 years poplar cultivation on soil carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes

International audienceWithin the JRC Kyoto Experiment in the Regional Park and UN-Biosphere Reserve "Parco Ticino" (North-Italy, near Pavia), the soil carbon stocks and fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 were measured in a poplar plantation in comparison with a natural mesohygrophilous deciduous forest nearby, which represents the pristine land cover of the area. Soil fluxes were measured using the static and dynamic closed chamber techniques for CH4 N2O, and CO2, respectively. We made further a pedological study to relate the spatial variability found with soil parameters. Annual emission fluxes of N2O and CO2 and deposition fluxes of CH4 were calculated for the year 2003 for the poplar plantation and compared to those measured at the natural forest site. N2O emissions at the poplar plantation were 0.15$plusmn;0.1 g N2O m-2 y-1 and the difference to the emissions at the natural forest of 0.07±0.06 g N2O m-2 y-1 are partly due to a period of high emissions after the flooding of the site at the end of 2002. CH4 consumption at the natural forest was twice as large as at the poplar plantation. In comparison to the relict forest, carbon stocks in the soil under the poplar plantation were depleted by 61% of surface (10 cm) carbon and by 25% down the profile under tillage (45 cm). Soil respiration rates were not significant different at both sites with 1608±1053 and 2200±791 g CO2 m-2 y-1 at the poplar plantation and natural forest, respectively, indicating that soil organic carbon is much more stable in the natural forest. In terms of the greenhouse gas budget, the non-CO2 gases contributed minor to the overall soil balance with only 0.9% (N2O) and -0.3% (CH4 of CO2-eq emissions in the natural forest, and 2.7% (N2O) and -0.2% of CO2-eq. emissions in the poplar plantation. The very high spatial variability of soil fluxes within the two sites was related to the morphology of the floodplain area, which was formed by the historic course of the Ticino river and led to a small-scale (tenth of meters) variability in soil texture and to small-scale differences in elevation. Differences of site conditions are reflected by differences of inundation patterns, ecosystem productivity, CO2 and N2O emission rates, and soil contents of carbon and nitrogen. Additional variability was observed during a flooding event and after fertilisation at the poplar site. Despite of this variability, the two sites are comparable as both originate from alluvial deposits. The study shows that changes in soil carbon stocks and related fertility are the most visible phenomena after 40 years of land use change from a pristine forest to a fast growing poplar plantation. Therefore, the conservation and careful management of existing carbon stocks deserves highest priority in the context of the Kyoto Protocol

Stress minimization for lattice structures. Part I: Micro-structure design

This work is partially supported by the SOFIA project, funded by Bpifrance (Banque Publique d’Investissement). This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 833092.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Problemas ético-sociales del trabajo en Max Weber

La obra del sociólogo alemán Max Weber (1864-1920) es un punto de inflexión en la historia de la filosofía social y de las ciencias sociales para comprender la naturaleza del capitalismo, su surgimiento histórico, y sus duraderas consecuencias sobre la vida de los individuos y las sociedades modernas. Este artículo aborda las diferentes perspectivas de consideración ético-social y teórico-metodológica del trabajo en el desarrollo de las principales obras weberianas